Thermoelectric — TEC & TEG

Peltier Cooler (TEC) Energy Balance

Q_c = S·I·T_c − ½I²R − K·ΔT. Module-level S, R, K.

Module Seebeck S (V/K)

Current I (A)

Resistance R (Ω)

Thermal conductance K (W/K)

Cold side T_c (°C)

Hot side T_h (°C)

Figure of Merit ZT

Module Z = S²/(R·K); ZT = Z·T̄. Material form ZT = S²σT/κ.

Seebeck S (V/K)

Resistance R (Ω)

Conductance K (W/K)

Mean temp T̄ (°C)

Generator (TEG) Power & Efficiency

V_oc = S·ΔT; P_max = (S·ΔT)²/4R at matched load; η from ZT.

Seebeck S (V/K)

Resistance R (Ω)

Hot side T_h (°C)

Cold side T_c (°C)

Figure of merit ZT

Formula reference

TEC: cold-side heat Q_c=S·I·T_c−½I²R−K·ΔT; input power P=I²R+S·I·ΔT; COP=Q_c/P; hot-side reject Q_h=Q_c+P. Max-cooling current I_opt=S·T_c/R; ideal no-load ΔT_max=½·Z·T_c².

ZT: module Z=S²/(R·K), ZT=Z·T̄ (T̄ absolute). Material ZT=S²σT/κ; numerator S²σ is the power factor.

TEG: V_oc=S·ΔT; matched-load P_max=(S·ΔT)²/4R; efficiency η=(1−T_c/T_h)·(√(1+ZT)−1)/(√(1+ZT)+T_c/T_h).

Same TEC model as the Thermal Management Suite TEC card.